Double Click anywhere to return to Top of Page.
Other Verb Forms
The Co-operative Verb Form
The Co-operative form of the verb is where the sense given is that the action is performed with another person or persons.
The co-operation may be contrary in meaning. - ie. They fought EACH OTHER .
In this case Turkish will use its co-operative form of the verb vuruşmak - meaning - to fight EACH OTHER - as opposed to the basic verb - vurmak - to hit
 Many commonly daily used words are of the Co-operative form, and as we learn them we may not realize this.
Formation of the Co-operative Verb
The Co-operative verb sign is -iş which is added to the verb stem and it is subject to Vowel harmony so the suffix can take the following forms:
-ış or -iş or -uş or -üş and -ş is added to verb stems which end in a vowel.
Some Examples
| Active Verb |
Co-operative Verb |
- vurmak - to hit
- onu vurdum - I hit him
-
|
- vuruşmak - to hit
- Birbirleriyle vuruştular - They fought each other.
- Lit: hit each other
|
- görmek - to see
- Memet'i gördüm - I saw Mehemet
-
|
- görüşmek - to see each other/to meet
- Mehmet ile görüşeceğim - I'm going to meet Mehmet
- Lit: I will meet (see each other) with Mehmet.
|
- anlamak - to understand
- Ali'yi anlıyoruz - we understand Ali
-
-
|
- anlaşmak - to understand each other/to agree
- Anlaşıyoruz, değil mi? - We agree, don't we?
- Ali ile anlaşıyoruz. - We agree with Ali.
- Lit: understand each other
|
Bİrbİrlerİyle - with each other - We should use always - İle - with - with co-operative verbs, since they are done by at least two persons.
The Difference of the Standard Verb to The Co-operative Form
In English it is not always apparent when a verb is co-operative, for instance the verb to collide. You can collide with a wall - (a single occurrence) or with another car - (co-operative occurrence). Turkish does make this distinction:
- In the first case: - çarpmak - to bump, collide
- bir duvara çarptım - I bumped a wall
- In the second case: - çarpışmak - to bump, collide with..
- bir arabayla çarpıştım. - I collided with a car
More about Co-operative Forms
As we mentioned in the heading of this section many Co-operative forms are in regular use and one should begin to get the feeling in Turkish that the -iş suffix concerns something that is done in concert (either with or against.) - and can be used with certain nouns to show "a doing together".
This "in concert" suffix also shows up in some nouns - for instance - giriş - means entrance but can be construed to mean - (Lit: - an entering in concert).
Similarly - çıkış - exit - (Lit: - a leaving in concert)
Some Co-operative verbs in daily use
Also as previously mentioned many verbs with regular use are in the Co-operative form:
- konuşmak - to speak - (with each other)
- anlaşmak - to agree - (to understand together)
- sevişmek - to make love - (with each other)
- öpüşmek - to kiss - (with each other)
- çalışmak - to work - (with or at something or other)
|
