Adjectives are words that describe or modify nouns - A blue house, a rich man.

But note that when adjectives follow a noun the meaning is entirely different - it becomes a statement of fact:

This last example is emphasised using the compliment - to be -dir - is

This shows that the verb - to be - the compliment -dir - is lacking in the third person in Turkish, unless it is needed to emphasize the meaning or unless it is a public statement such as a notice etc.

As can be seen above Turkish generally places a comma after the subject - which comes first in the word order of the sentence.

Generally speaking if the indefinite article is used with its noun, then Turkish will not separate them as we do in English

Many of these Intensified Forms are in daily use all the time.

Adjectives can be formed from Nouns and Verbs as in English.

Adjectives do not have to agree with the noun they describe in either number - as in Spanish - or gender - as in French. The adjective precedes the noun as it does in English.

The Indefinite Article - bir - a,an, one - can interpose between the adjective and its noun. This has the effect of putting the emphasis on the adjective and/or causes the noun it describes to become definite.

In this example some girl or other laughed - an indefinite girl, therefore the adjective follows bir.

In this example a definite girl was seen and moreover she was definitely beautiful - güzel followed by bir emphasizes all these points.

These rules apply both in English and in Turkish.

Often words can be recognised as adjectives by their endings. This is similar to English where we can often recognise a word as an adjective by its ending. For instance we have the ending -ful as in the word - beautiful - They built a beautiful house in the hill. Thus the -ful adjective adds the concept of beauty to the house.

Of course the are other adjectival endings in English where we, as English speakers recognise instantly what type of attribute is being added by the adjective. We have used one of these adjectival endings in the heading above - Attributable.

As an example we can say - They have built a beautiful, desirable house on the hill - using the - Ability Attribute -able.

Some other adjectival endings in English may be:

and some other forms - each ending giving us a differing degree or meaning in concept

This then is the way that Turkish follows and if one learns the Adjectival Endings it is easier to recognise the concept of meaning as we automatically do in our own tongue.

We have just said above that adjectives can often be recognised by their endings.

These are of course words in their own right and should not be considered as words with an added suffix. As with English the (adjectival) ending on the word often points to the type of attribute that the adjective supplies to its noun.

For instance in English there is a different type of attribute supplied by the adjectives - lovely, loving, loveable, lovelorn, loved .. although the root word carries the same meaning.

This suffix usually forms adjectives where the described noun is in a state from which it cannot return - that is - it has assumed a permanent state.

From yanmak to burn - the adjective - yanık is formed meaning burnt (as a permanent state.

bir düşük yaprak - a fallen leaf - (from düşmek - to fall)
bazı kırık tabaklar - some broken plates - (from kırmak - to break)
kesik parçalar - cut (up) parts - (from kesmek - to cut)

By recognizing the -ik suffix we can see a permanent adjectival state has been attained.

We must take care however not to mistake normal words ending in -ik such as - balık fish - or - sözlük dictionary as being a verbal adjective.

If we take the first example above we should note that if we use the present participle -düşen - which falls /which is falling - as an adjective then the meaning changes:

Bir düşen yaprak - a falling leaf
Düşen yapraklar - falling leaves

düşmüş olan - which has fallen
Düşmüş olan yapraklar nemlidir - The leaves which have fallen are damp - The fallen leaves are damp.